The Second National Communication (SNC) is the second assessment of Botswana’s situation with regard to position, national circumstances and responses to climate change. This follows the Initial National Communication that was prepared and submitted to the UNFCCC in 2001. The SNC serves as the basis for future action in research and offers opportunities for policy development and refinement. The report goes beyond the reporting commitment of a non-Annex I Party under the existing guidelines for the preparation of the National Communications to the UNFCCC. Therefore the document serves as a useful tool upon which to base decisions concerning climate change and future national development.